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(No Model.) 2 sneets -sneet 1 H. F. HAYDEN. APPARATUS FOR GENERATINGVAPOR FROM LIQUID HYDROGARBONS. No. 254,871. Patented Mar.14,1882.

WITNESSES INVENTbR N. PEIERS, Pholo-Lhhognpher, Walhinglan. 0.6.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. P. HAYDEN. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING VAPOR FROM LIQUID HYDROGARBONS.

' INVENTOR WITNESSES ATTORNEYS.

- UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY F. HAYDEN, OF W'A SHINGTONfDISTRlOT" OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR TO THEINTERNATIONAL VAPOR FUEL OARBON IRON AND MANUFAC- TUBING COMPANY, OFSAME PLACE.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING VAPOR FROM LlQ-UlD HYDROCARBONS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 254,871, dated March14, 1882.

Application filed June 11, 1881. (No model.)

all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY F. HAYDEN, a citizen of theUnited States ofAmerica, residing at Washington, in the District of Colum- 5 bia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvementsin ApparatusforGeneratingV-apor from Liquid Hydrocarbons; and I do hereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will to enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

1 My invention relates to that class of vaporgenerators in which steamis used for causing the vaporization of liquid hydrocarbons; and thenature thereof consists in certain improvements in the construction ofsuch generators and novel combinations of the parts thereof,

hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, in which corresponding parts aredesignated by similar letters, Figure 1 is a section taken in a vertical'25 plane through the center of the apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the apparatus. Fig. 3 illustrates in horizontalsection the arrangement of the superheating-pipes.

The cylindrical chamber H, inwhich the 0 vapor is generated, is jacketedby an annular steam-space, B, which communicates by means of the pipeAwith the steam-supply, and has arranged within'it an interiorsteam-space, G, communicating with the steam-jacket, through 5 whichsteam continuously flows. The steam admitted through the pipe A isregulated by the valve A, and flows downward to the bottom of thesteam-jacket B, heating in itspassage the exterior of thegenerating-chamber, 0 from whence it rises through the interiorsteam-space, O. This interior steam-space, which I prefer should consistof two' or more communicating receivers of spheroidal form, is connectedby means of the pipe D with a sys- 4 5 tom or series ofsuperheating-pipes, F, arranged within the masonry which incloses theapparatus. These superheating-pipes are arranged within a receptacle, W,which communicates by means of a perforated wall, S, with the furnace,and are arranged, theone above the other, in such a manner as to form aseries of communicating superheaters, the uppermost of which isconnected by means of the pipe G, having a valve, G, and pyrometer P,with the interior of the generating-chamber H. Near the base of theapparatus is a furnace, 0, from. whence the products of combustionrising expand into the space P around the apparatus through theperforated wall S, and finally pass off through the smokepipe Q.

The liquid hydrocarbon is introduced into the generatingchamber abovethe interior steam-space, O, by means of the pipe U, which communicateswith source of supply, and the hydrocarbon vapor is carried off by thepipe J, which is provided with a pyrometer, P, and valve K. Any residuumwhich may remain in the generating-chamber may be drawn 011' through thepipe L, which is provided with a suitable valve, M. o

The pipe A, communicating with the steamjacket B, and the pipe D, whichconnects the interior steam-space, G, with the superheater, are providedwith steamgages W W, by which the pressure may he noted. 5

The operation of the apparatus is as: follows: The requisite amount ofsteam is admitted by means of the valve A through the pipe A into theannular steam-jacket on the outside of the generator, fromwhenceittiowsupwardthrough the interior steam-space and pipe D to the.superheater F, where additional heat is imparted to it by the heatedgases from the furnace and the hot brick -work R. The steam thussuperheated flows through the pipe G to the generating-chamber H, whereit comes in contact with the liquid hydrocarbon which enters through thepipe U and flows on the surface of spheroidal receivers. The arrangementof the spheroidal receivers is such as to cause 0 the evaporation ofthehydrocarbon flowing over them, accordingto their volatility-thatis tosay,themostvolatilehydrocarbons are evap0- rated first and the leastvolatile last-and to permit the highly-heated steam to attack the 5carbonaceous residua and form carbonic-oxide and hydrogen gas. The steamshould flow from the generator under sufficient pressure to carry thehydrocarbons in vaporous form to the point where they are required, andmix the vapor with an air-blast to insure complete combustion.

The supeiheating-mrface presented by the steam-jacket B is sufiicient toraise the temperature of free steam to about 500, and the continuousflow ofthe steam into the spheroidal receivers transmits togenerating-chamber an amount of heat sufficient to prevent anycondensation of the superheated steam admitted for the purpose ofvaporization.

The circulation or continuous flow of steam through the apparatus, asabove described, gradually increases its temperature until it passesfrom the generating-chambers, and no chilling can occur, except thatwhich must always result from the amount of heat absorbed by the liquidhydrocarbon in passing into a state of vapor.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent- 1. In the apparatus for generating vapor from liquidhydrocarbons, herein described, the

generating-chamber having an in ternal'steamspace consisting of two ormore communicating spheroidal receivers, as and for the purposesdescribed.

2. In the apparatus for generating vapor from liquid hydrocarbon, hereindescribed, the generating-chamber provided with internal spheroidalsteam-spaces and external steamjacket, as and for the purposesdescribed.

3. The combination of the spheroidal rcceivers, the pipe through whichthe superheated steam enters the generating-chamber, and the oil-supplypipe.

4-. Thecombinationoftheoutersteam-jacket, B, spheroidal receivers 0,connecting pipe D, superheater F, and generatingchamber H, as and forthe purposes described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY F. HAYDEN.

Witnesses! O. S. WHITMAN, F. M. BURNHAM.

